Le Mulâtre: A Call to Connection through Narrative Technique

Abstract

The short story Le Mulâtre (1837) recounts the tragic history of a slave during Haiti’s turbulent 1790s. The first published work of Victor Séjour, it is the first known work of fiction by an African-American writer. At first glance a typical melodramatic tale of brigands, betrayal and revenge, the work is anything but typical in its stark depiction of Caribbean slavery and in its sophisticated use of narration and voice. Written when slavery was still being practiced by both France and the United States, this overt yet sensitive critique is a triumph of the narrative art.

This article highlights a modern Structuralist analysis of narration. Séjour not only moves subtly through levels of narration but also through shifts of point of view within discourse and even within speech acts which form an almost unconscious commentary on the action. Moreover, the apparently standard tragic trope is undermined by a complex weaving of life histories in which the triumph of humanity overturns the notion of tragic loss. Thus a story of oppression and inevitability is structured within a voice of commentary, insight, and agency: Séjour succeeds in connecting the humanity on both sides of an inhuman war and in underscoring what is at stake for both master and slave in the continued exploitation of human being by human being.