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Ajouter un commentaire Hétéroglossie et écriture dans le roman africançais : le cas d’Ahmadou Kourouma et de Mongo Beti
Résumé
D’un point de vue linguistique et/ou littéraire, traduire la francophonie revient de facto à mettre en avant des espaces géographiques anciennement colonisés et caractérisés par la présence de deux, voire plusieurs langues en contact ou superposées (Robert Chaudenson, 1989 :164). À cet égard, les productions littéraires nées de ces contextes sociolinguistiques offrent des corpus exemplaires pour l’analyse de l’hétéroglossie, définie par certains chercheurs comme diglossie littéraire (Ngalasso Mwatha, 1984). Les romans africançais (textes africains d’expression française) représentés dans cet essai par des textes d’Ahmadou Kourouma et de Mongo Beti véhiculent cette problématique. De ce fait, ils ont permis de cerner et d’illustrer l’hétéroglossie comme processus d’écriture dans la perspective de Bakhtine qui promeut les paradigmes méthodologiques d’hétérologie et d’hétérophonie. Nos analyses scrutent leurs manifestations au sein des strates langagières romanesques. C’est ainsi que l’on a élaboré des analyses stylistiques et interprétatives afin de montrer comment elles participent d’une poétique de l’hybridité. Après avoir circonscrit les données théoriques préliminaires, on a analysé l’hétéroglossie langagière sous trois aspects : l’hybridité discursive, les propos rapportés et l’enchâssement des ethno- textes dans la trame narrative. De surcroît, l’interrogation sur l’attitude épilinguistique des romanciers africançais montre bien qu’au delà de l’hybridité esthétique, se pose en réalité la question d’une relation au(x) langage(s), ce qui ramène à la question de la subversion linguistique dans l’écriture romanesque.
On a linguistic and /or literary view point, translating the “Francophonie” has to do essentially with promoting geographical spaces anciently colonised and characterised by the presence of two or even many languages in contact or piled up ( Robert Chaudenson: 1989:164). Likewise, literary productions originating from these sociolinguistic contexts offer model texts for the analysis of the heteroglossia phenomenon which is defined by certain researchers as “literary diaglossia” (Ngalasso Nwatha, 1984). “Africançais” novels (African texts written in French), represented in this work through Ahmadou Kourouma and Mongo Beti’s texts convey this problem. Consequently, the novels permitted to grasp and illustrate heteroglossia as a writing process in Bakhtine’s perspective that promotes heterologic and heterophonic methodological paradigms. Our analyses are manifested in romantic language layers. As a result, interpretative and stylistic analyses were elaborated in order to show how they are concerned with a poetic of hybridity. Therefore, after having surrounded preliminary theoretical data, the phenomenon of language heteroglossia was analysed under three aspects: discourse hybridity, reported speeches and setting of ethno texts in the narrative plot. Furthermore, the question on the epilinguistic attitude of “africançais” writers shows well that above the esthetic hybridity, there is actually an interrogation about relations in languages and that is linked to linguistic subversion in romantic writing.
On a linguistic and /or literary view point, translating the “Francophonie” has to do essentially with promoting geographical spaces anciently colonised and characterised by the presence of two or even many languages in contact or piled up ( Robert Chaudenson: 1989:164). Likewise, literary productions originating from these sociolinguistic contexts offer model texts for the analysis of the heteroglossia phenomenon which is defined by certain researchers as “literary diaglossia” (Ngalasso Nwatha, 1984). “Africançais” novels (African texts written in French), represented in this work through Ahmadou Kourouma and Mongo Beti’s texts convey this problem. Consequently, the novels permitted to grasp and illustrate heteroglossia as a writing process in Bakhtine’s perspective that promotes heterologic and heterophonic methodological paradigms. Our analyses are manifested in romantic language layers. As a result, interpretative and stylistic analyses were elaborated in order to show how they are concerned with a poetic of hybridity. Therefore, after having surrounded preliminary theoretical data, the phenomenon of language heteroglossia was analysed under three aspects: discourse hybridity, reported speeches and setting of ethno texts in the narrative plot. Furthermore, the question on the epilinguistic attitude of “africançais” writers shows well that above the esthetic hybridity, there is actually an interrogation about relations in languages and that is linked to linguistic subversion in romantic writing.
